Pyspark Explode Map, For map column, we can also use explode function.

Pyspark Explode Map, Use map collection functions to create name and age colunms. Hello viewers my name is Santosh Sah and welcome to my YouTube channe Explode nested elements from a map or array Use the explode() function to unpack values from ARRAY and MAP type columns. youtube. The length of the lists in all columns is not same. PySpark, a distributed data processing framework, provides robust pyspark. I would like ideally to somehow gain access to the paramaters underneath some_array in their own columns so I can 🚀 Mastering PySpark: The explode() Function When working with nested JSON data in PySpark, one of the most powerful tools you’ll encounter is the explode() function. The approach uses explode to expand the list of string elements in array_column before splitting each string Hey there! Maps are a pivotal tool for handling structured data in PySpark. MapType in PySpark Data I am working on pyspark dataframe. TableValuedFunction. At least, within our dataframe it is. This transformation is particularly useful for flattening complex nested data structures In PySpark, the explode() function is used to explode an array or a map column into multiple rows, meaning one row per element. * Learn how to use the TableValuedFunction. Pyspark: Split multiple array columns into rows Ask Question Asked 9 years, 4 months ago Modified 3 years, 1 month ago It is possible to “ Create ” “ Two New Additional Columns ”, called “ key ” and “ value ”, for “ Each Key-Value Pair ” of a “ Given Map Column ” in “ Each Row ” of a “ DataFrame ” using the “ PySpark provides two handy functions called posexplode() and posexplode_outer() that make it easier to "explode" array columns in a DataFrame into separate rows while retaining vital 2 use map_concat to merge the map fields and then explode them. Each element in the array or map becomes a separate row in the Returns a new row for each element in the given array or map. I have found this to be a pretty common use Explode The explode function in PySpark SQL is a versatile tool for transforming and flattening nested data structures, such as arrays or maps, into explode (expr) - Separates the elements of array expr into multiple rows, or the elements of map expr into multiple rows and columns. This function is commonly used when working with nested or semi Problem: How to explode the Array of Map DataFrame columns to rows using Spark. If collection is NULL no rows are produced. It’s ideal for expanding arrays into more granular data, allowing for Learn how to master the EXPLODE function in PySpark using Microsoft Fabric Notebooks. Learn PySpark Data Warehouse Master the For specific related topics, see Explode and Flatten Operations and Map and Dictionary Operations. A common challenge is aggregating these structures—specifically, combining Uses the default column name `col` for elements in the array and `key` and `value` for elements in the map unless specified otherwise. Column [source] ¶ Returns a new row for each element in the given array or When working with data manipulation and aggregation in PySpark, having the right functions at your disposal can greatly enhance efficiency and Hello and welcome back to our PySpark tutorial series! Today we’re going to talk about the explode function, which is sure to blow your mind (and your data)! But first, let me tell you a little 1 explode only works with array or map types but you are having all struct type. Uses the default column name pos for In PySpark, the explode_outer () function is used to explode array or map columns into multiple rows, just like the explode () function, but with one key What is the explode () function in PySpark? Columns containing Array or Map data types may be present, for instance, when you read data from In this video, I discussed about map_keys (), map_values () & explode () functions to work with MapType columns in PySpark. explode 将数组列映射到列 PySpark 函数 explode(e: Column) 用于分解数组到列。当一个数组传递给这个函数时，它会创建一个新的默认列 col1，它包含所有数组元素。当一个映射被传递时，它会创 These data types present unique challenges in storage, processing, and analysis. You can use the Spark In big data processing with PySpark, DataFrames often contain complex data types like arrays and maps. a MapType) or a regular python dictionary, you could do PySpark "explode" dict in column Ask Question Asked 7 years, 11 months ago Modified 4 years, 3 months ago PySpark, the de-facto framework for large-scale data processing, provides robust support for complex data types such as arrays, maps, and I have a Map column in a spark DF and would like to filter this column on a particular key (i. EXPLODE(): But the map isn't just a MapType() object - it's a column of MapType(IntegerType(), StringType()) in a DataFrame. tvf. This blog post explains how to convert a map pyspark. MapType class). Based on the very first section 1 (PySpark explode array or map This is where PySpark’s explode function becomes invaluable. users (and not just data). The source dataframe (df_audit in below code) is dynamic so can contain we will explore how to use two essential functions, “from_json” and “exploed”, to manipulate JSON data within CSV files using PySpark. split # pyspark. functions. It offers a high-level API for Explode The explode function in PySpark SQL is a versatile tool for transforming and flattening nested data structures, such as arrays or maps, into individual rows. Uses Explode and Flatten Operations Relevant source files Purpose and Scope This document explains the PySpark functions used to transform complex nested data structures (arrays and maps) In this video, you’ll learn how to use the explode () function in PySpark to flatten array and map columns in a DataFrame. e. Column ¶ Returns a new row for each element with position in the given array or Master PySpark's most powerful transformations in this tutorial as we explore how to flatten complex nested data structures in Spark DataFrames. You can do it this way: Learn the syntax of the explode function of the SQL language in Databricks SQL and Databricks Runtime. 0. explode function: The explode function in PySpark is used to transform a column with an array of When we perform a "explode" function into a dataframe we are focusing on a particular column, but in this dataframe there are always other In this article, lets walk through the flattening of complex nested data (especially array of struct or array of array) efficiently without the expensive explode and also handling dynamic data I am new to pyspark and I want to explode array values in such a way that each value gets assigned to a new column. . 3 The schema of the affected column is: In PySpark, we can use explode function to explode an array or a map column. The following are 13 code examples of pyspark. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore how to effectively use explode with both Returns a new row for each element in the given array or map. Uses the default column name col for elements in the array and key and value for Learn how to use PySpark explode (), explode_outer (), posexplode (), and posexplode_outer () functions to flatten arrays and maps in dataframes. explode # DataFrame. I have a dataframe which consists lists in columns similar to the following. I am not familiar with the map reduce In PySpark, the posexplode() function is used to explode an array or map column into multiple rows, just like explode(), but with an additional positional In the example, they show how to explode the employees column into 4 additional columns: I have a pyspark DataFrame with a MapType column and want to explode this into all the columns by the name of keys root |-- a: map (nullable = true) | |-- key: string | |-- value: long ( What is the difference between explode and explode_outer? The documentation for both functions is the same and also the examples for both functions are identical: Pyspark: Explode vs Explode_outer Hello Readers, Are you looking for clarification on the working of pyspark functions explode and explode_outer? Here are two options using explode and transform high-order function in Spark. Here's a brief explanation of pyspark. map # RDD. What is the explode () function in PySpark? Columns containing Array or Map data types may be present, for instance, when you read In PySpark, the explode function is used to transform each element of a collection-like column (e. Spark SQL supports many built-in transformation Spark unable to Explode column Asked 6 years, 4 months ago Modified 6 years, 4 months ago Viewed 2k times The Sparksession, Row, MapType, StringType, col, explode, map_keys, map_values, StructType, StructField, StringType, MapType are imported in the environment to use MapType New Vlog Channel- https://www. We often need to flatten pyspark. , array or map) into a separate row. this is because of time constaints, where exploding the This works well in most cases, but if the field that assumes map is determined as struct, or if the field is determined as string as it contains only null, processings may fail by mismatch of explode (expr) - Separates the elements of array expr into multiple rows, or the elements of map expr into multiple rows and columns. functions import explode, map_keys, map_values Here's a kinda hacky solution using create_map(), explode(), and pivot(). posexplode ¶ pyspark. Long hand. I want to explode the column "event_params". explode_outer ¶ pyspark. exploding a map column creates 2 new columns - key and value. If you had the former (i. Explode and flatten operations are essential tools for working with complex, nested data structures in PySpark: Explode functions transform arrays or maps into multiple rows, making nested In this article, I will explain how to explode an array or list and map columns to rows using different PySpark DataFrame functions explode (), The explode() function in Spark is used to transform an array or map column into multiple rows. expr to grab the element at index pos in this array. posexplode # pyspark. Each element in the array or map becomes a separate row in the Fortunately, PySpark provides two handy functions – explode() and explode_outer() – to convert array columns into expanded rows to make your life easier! In this comprehensive guide, we‘ll first cover PySpark converting a column of type 'map' to multiple columns in a dataframe Asked 10 years ago Modified 3 years, 9 months ago Viewed 40k times Returns pyspark. How to split a string by delimiter in PySpark There are three main ways to split a string by delimiter in PySpark: Using the `split ()` Split the letters column and then use posexplode to explode the resultant array along with the position in the array. For example, my schema is defined as: In the world of big data, PySpark has emerged as a powerful tool for data processing and analysis. I tried using explode but I While many of us are familiar with the explode () function in PySpark, fewer fully understand the subtle but crucial differences between its four variants: In summary: Use explode when you want to break down an array into individual records, excluding null or empty values. Explode a column with a List of Jsons with Pyspark Asked 8 years, 3 months ago Modified 8 years, 3 months ago Viewed 7k times Explode vs Explode_outer in Databricks Working with JSON data presents a consistent challenge for data engineers. Unlike Apache Spark built-in function that takes input as an column object (array or map type) and returns a new row for each element in the given array or map type column. Unless specified otherwise, uses the default column Databricks PySpark Explode and Pivot Columns Asked 3 years ago Modified 3 years ago Viewed 548 times 0 The problem is that you cannot explode structs. explode_outer(col: ColumnOrName) → pyspark. Uses the default column name col for elements in the array and key and value for elements in the map unless specified otherwise. PYSPARK EXPLODE is an Explode function that is used in the PySpark data model to explode an array or map-related columns to row in By understanding the nuances of explode() and explode_outer() alongside other related tools, you can effectively decompose nested data structures in PySpark for insightful analysis. In pyspark you can read the schema of a struct (fields) and cross join your dataframe with the list of fields. pandas. The first step you need to take is to explode data. Learn PySpark Data Warehouse Master the pyspark. g. The schema of a nested column "event_params" is: Both explode and explode_outer are powerful tools for flattening complex data structures in PySpark. Uses the default column name col for elements in the array and key and value for elements in the map unless specified Explode Maptype column in pyspark Asked 7 years, 1 month ago Modified 7 years, 1 month ago Viewed 11k times pyspark. But that is not the desired solution. You can only explode arrays or maps. The solution below gives the pyspark. Explode array data into rows in spark [duplicate] Ask Question Asked 8 years, 11 months ago Modified 6 years, 8 months ago The following approach will work on variable length lists in array_column. . table_alias The alias for In this How To article I will show a simple example of how to use the explode function from the SparkSQL API to unravel multi-valued fields. Parameters columnstr or Converting a PySpark Map / Dictionary to Multiple Columns Python dictionaries are stored in PySpark map columns (the pyspark. Unless specified otherwise, uses the default column I'm struggling using the explode function on the doubly nested array. columns) and using list comprehension you create an array of the fields This tutorial explains how to explode an array in PySpark into rows, including an example. functions that generate and handle containers, such as maps, arrays and structs, can be used to emulate well known pandas You can't use explode for structs but you can get the column names in the struct source (with df. explode ¶ pyspark. posexplode(col: ColumnOrName) → pyspark. Overview of Array Operations in PySpark PySpark provides robust functionality for The map()in PySpark is a transformation function that is used to apply a function/lambda to each element of an RDD (Resilient Distributed Dataset) and A Quick Look to Pandas and PySpark Explore the strengths and differences between Pandas DataFrames and PySpark RDDs. You would have to manually parse your string into a map, and then you can use explode. Background I use explode to transpose columns to rows. 🔹 What is explode The article compares the explode () and explode_outer () functions in PySpark for splitting nested array data structures, focusing on their differences, use cases, and performance implications. Option 1 (explode + pyspark accessors) First we explode elements of the array into a new column, next we access the This document covers the complex data types in PySpark: Arrays, Maps, and Structs. ARRAY columns store values as a list. One of the most common tasks data scientists pyspark. Refer official How to explode ArrayType column elements having null values along with their index position in PySpark DataFrame? We can generate new rows from the given column of ArrayType by PySpark’s explode and pivot functions. explode(col: ColumnOrName) → pyspark. sql import SparkSession from pyspark. When working with PySpark, one of the first concepts you’ll run into is the difference between map and flatMap. column. generator_function Specifies a generator function (EXPLODE, INLINE, etc. fields(i). versionadded:: 4. Debugging root causes becomes time-consuming. By leveraging PySpark built-in functions such as Check how to explode arrays in Spark and how to keep the index position of each element in SQL and Scala with examples. When unpacked Here I Explained How to use explode function in Pyspark with Practical examples based on column value as list and map . 0 Parameters ---------- collection : Exploding JSON and Lists in Pyspark JSON can kind of suck in PySpark sometimes. The main query then joins the original table to the CTE on This article explores the differences between the map and flatMap transformations in PySpark. explode_outer # pyspark. ). Data looks like: The explode function explodes the dataframe into multiple rows. sql. For map/dictionary type column, explode() will convert it to nx2 shape, i. Column [source] ¶ Returns a new row for each element in the given array or To split multiple array column data into rows Pyspark provides a function called explode (). Examples Example 1: Exploding an array column Conclusion The choice between explode() and explode_outer() in PySpark depends entirely on your business requirements and data quality pyspark. Understanding their differences is crucial In PySpark, you can use delimiters to split strings into multiple parts. New in Iterating over elements of an array column in a PySpark DataFrame can be done in several efficient ways, such as This article shows you how to flatten or explode a * StructType *column to multiple columns using Spark SQL. types. What is explode function Spark SQL explode function is used to create or split an array or map DataFrame columns to rows. keep the row if the key in the map matches desired value). functions pyspark. explode_outer(col) [source] # Returns a new row for each element in the given array or map. Explode the “HomeAddress” Column to Have “key” and “value” Columns for “Each Key-Value Pair”, Along With the “Positional Value”, of the The explode() function is used to convert each element in an array or each key-value pair in a map into a separate row. 🔍 1. It takes a column containing arrays or maps and returns a new row for each element in the array or key-value pair in I found the answer in this link How to explode StructType to rows from json dataframe in Spark rather than to columns but that is scala spark and not pyspark. Leverage inline function to explode. Explode The explode function in PySpark SQL is a versatile tool for transforming and flattening nested data structures, such as arrays or maps, into individual rows. Alternatively, you can convert the struct So again, you may need to increase the partitioning for the aggregation after the explode by setting spark. The default column name is col for elements in an array and key In this video, I have discussed about Map type column with explode function in PySpark. Unlike posexplode, if the 🚀 Master Nested Data in PySpark with explode() Function! Working with arrays, maps, or JSON columns in PySpark? The explode() function makes it simple to flatten nested data structures Although I don't know whether its possible to explode the map with one single explode, there is a way to it with a UDF. Using a for loop and I want to convert it to a map/reduce function but this is still Can anybody suggest a way for me to explode or flatten ArrayType columns without losing rows when the column is null? I am using PySpark 2. In PySpark, the explode function is used to transform each element of a collection-like column (e. , n 0 Combining Evan V's, Avrell and Steco ideas. The explode_outer() function does the same, but handles null values differently. partitions to a higher value than the default 200. I wish it was a map, because then it would be in a format that explode () understands. The map function applies a one-to-one transformation to each TableValuedFunction. To return a single row with NULL s for the array or map values use the explode_outer () Spark SQL Functions pyspark. split(str, pattern, limit=- 1) [source] # Splits str around matches of the given pattern. Pyspark RDD, DataFrame and Dataset Examples in Python language - spark-examples/pyspark-examples Think of it as a treasure map: lose the landmarks, and finding the goodies gets tricky. I am new to Python a Spark, currently working through this tutorial on Spark's explode operation for array/map fields of a DataFrame. I recently had the opportunity to explore the use cases for explode and For array type column, explode() will convert it to n rows, where n is the number of elements in the array. explode(column, ignore_index=False) [source] # Transform each element of a list-like to a row, replicating index values. Next use pyspark. Using explode, we will get a new row for each Azure Databricks #spark #pyspark #azuredatabricks #azure In this video, I discussed how to use mapType, map_keys (), may_values (), explode functions in pyspark. 2. If you want to explode multiple columns simultaneously, you can chain multiple select () and alias () explode array of array- (Dataframe) pySpark Ask Question Asked 9 years, 6 months ago Modified 9 years, 6 months ago Output: Example 2: Databricks output Exploring a MapType column To explore a MapType column in PySpark, we can use the explode function provided by PySpark's function 相关用法 Python pyspark explode用法及代码示例 Python pyspark expr用法及代码示例 Python pyspark exists用法及代码示例 Python pyspark element_at用法及代码示例 Python pyspark create_map用法 How to use groupBy, collect_list, arrays_zip, & explode together in pyspark to solve certain business problem Asked 6 years ago Modified 6 years ago Viewed 4k times How to rename a column in Spark dataframe while using explode function Asked 5 years, 11 months ago Modified 3 years, 6 months ago Viewed 5k times So far I've only found examples which explode() a MapType column to n Row entries. Sparkでschemaを指定せずjsonなどを読み込むと次のように入力データから自動で決定される。 Athena v2でparquetをソースとしmapフィールドを持つテーブルのクエリが成功したり Problem: How to explode & flatten nested array (Array of Array) DataFrame columns into rows using PySpark. The explode function is used to flatten arrays or maps in a DataFrame. 2 without loosing null values? Explode_outer was introduced in Pyspark 2. map(f, preservesPartitioning=False) [source] # Return a new RDD by applying a function to each element of this RDD. In this method, we will see how we can 2. call_function pyspark. The create_map() function transforms DataFrame columns into powerful map structures for you to Despite explode being deprecated (that we could then translate the main question to the difference between explode function and flatMap operator), the difference is that the former is a 📌 explode () converts each element of an array or map column into a separate row. Spark defines several flavors of this function; explode_outer – to This paper introduces a simple and flexible approach for handling nested data in PySpark. I need to dynamically explode nested columns within a dataframe. Is there any elegant way to explode map column in Pyspark 2. Finally, apply coalesce to poly-fill null values to 0. 0 Edit: Following the link provided as a Parameters idsstr, Column, tuple, list Column (s) to use as identifiers. RDD. Create a DataFrame with complex data type For column/field cat, the type is The columns for a map are called key and value. Solution: PySpark explode The function that is used to explode or create array or map columns to rows is known as explode () function. select("source. column pyspark. Keep those keys intact, and voilà! You uncover the explode function’s magic, revealing its awesome Explode nested elements from a map or array Use the explode() function to unpack values from ARRAY and MAP type columns. Code snippet For map column, we can also use explode function. I am also providing a complete SQL syntax while handling query fields with special characters using '`' in PySpark. Name Age Subjects Grades [Bob] [16] [Maths,Physics,Chemistry] pyspark. Column: One row per array item or map key value. PySpark Tutorial: PySpark is a powerful open-source framework built on Apache Spark, designed to simplify and accelerate large-scale data processing and analytics tasks. How to do opposite of explode in PySpark? Asked 9 years ago Modified 6 years, 5 months ago Viewed 36k times 2 You can explode the all_skills array and then group by and pivot and apply count aggregation. explode Returns a DataFrame containing a new row for each element in the given array or map. You can directly access struct by struct_field_name. Link for PySpark Playlist:https://www Nested structures like arrays and maps are common in data analytics and when working with API requests or responses. For information about array operations, see Array and Collection Operations and for details on exploding maps into rows, see Explode and Flatten Operations. broadcast pyspark. This guide simplifies how to transform nested PySpark 中的 Explode 在本文中，我们将介绍 PySpark 中的 Explode 操作。Explode 是一种将包含数组或者嵌套结构的列拆分成多行的函数。它可以帮助我们在 PySpark 中处理复杂的数据结构，并提取 Output: Schema and DataFrame created Steps to get Keys and Values from the Map Type column in SQL DataFrame The described example is thanks! ideally thought i want to apply the conditional as i explode the column, so that i only explode values that fall within nyc_code. It is part of the The explode function in PySpark SQL is a versatile tool for transforming and flattening nested data structures, such as arrays or maps, into Apache Spark Dive into data engineering with Apache Spark. You can vote up the ones you like or vote down the ones you don't like, and go to the original project or source file by following the Also, with the dataframe I have now, my issue here is to find out how to explode an array into multiple columns. These data types allow you to work with nested and hierarchical data structures in your DataFrame How to Explode Array type Columns to rows? How to Explode Map type Columns to rows? Explode on Array type and Map Typecolumnsmore Parameters OUTER If OUTER specified, returns null if an input array/map is empty or null. Use explode_outer when you need all values from the array or map, Hopefully this article provides insights on how pyspark. pyspark. Mastering these pyspark SQL cannot resolve 'explode ()' due to data type mismatch Asked 4 years, 11 months ago Modified 3 years, 11 months ago Viewed 393 times Running Pyspark script getting the following error depending on which xml I query: cannot resolve 'explode ()' due to data type - 20874 Transforming Complex Data Types in Spark SQL In this notebook we're going to go through some data transformation examples using Spark SQL. valuesstr, Column, tuple, list, optional Column (s) to PySpark DataFrame MapType is used to store Python Dictionary (Dict) object, so you can convert MapType (map) column to Multiple columns ( separate The column holding the array of multiple records is exploded into multiple rows by using the LATERAL VIEW clause with the explode () function. Uses the The explode() function in Spark is used to transform an array or map column into multiple rows. ARRAY You can use explode in an array or map columns so you need to convert the properties struct to array and then apply the explode function as below PySpark Recipes: Map And Unpivot Is the PySpark API really missing key functionality? Pan Cretan Jun 11, 2022 I am trying to explode a column in the format array<map<string,string>>. In order to use the Json capabilities of Spark you can use the built-in function from_json to do the parsing of the value field and then explode the result to split the result into single rows. Apache Spark Dive into data engineering with Apache Spark. *"). Import Necessary Libraries: Make sure you've imported the required Spark SQL libraries: from pyspark. I mention this cause I can either work with that or perform a more efficient process to create In PySpark, complex data types like Struct, Map, and Array simplify working with semi-structured and nested data. Column ¶ Returns a new row for each element in the given array or map. shuffle. Returns a new row for each element in the given array or map. What I'm trying to achieve is having, for example, a Map with 5 entries as 5 columns within the same cannot resolve 'explode (products_basket)' due to data type mismatch: input to function explode should be array or map type, not StringType; I know the reason, it's because of the different pyspark. Column [source] ¶ Returns a new row for each element with position in the given Returns a new row for each element in the given array or map. name to get the name of the pyspark. DataFrame. Using PySpark in DataBricks. Note: This solution does not answers my In PySpark, explode, posexplode, and outer explode are functions used to manipulate arrays in DataFrames. col pyspark. Can be a single column or column name, or a list or tuple for multiple columns. posexplode_outer(col) [source] # Returns a new row for each element with position in the given array or map. Learn how to work with complex nested data in Apache Spark using explode functions to flatten arrays and structs with beginner-friendly examples. posexplode(col) [source] # Returns a new row for each element with position in the given array or map. Solution: Spark explode function can be used to explode an The explode() function in PySpark takes in an array (or map) column, and outputs a row for each element of the array. The trick is to use Row#schema. explode # TableValuedFunction. This I have a dataframe with a schema similar to the following: id: string array_field: array element: struct field1: string field2: string array_field2: array element: struct nested_field: string I am There are purpose-built PySpark utility functions for manipulating maps, without resorting to expensive explode or UDFs. This works very well in general with good performance. Learn Apache Spark PySpark Harness the power of PySpark for large-scale data processing. Unlike explode, if the array/map is null or empty This tutorial will explain explode, posexplode, explode_outer and posexplode_outer methods available in Pyspark to flatten (explode) array column. explode(collection) [source] # Returns a DataFrame containing a new row for each element in the given array or map. com/channel/UCxatZHpYg4ch39iOwi8Jdygmap_keys (), map_values () & explode () functions to work with MapType Columns in PySp In PySpark, you can use the explode () function to explode a column of arrays or maps in a DataFrame. It is often that I end up with a dataframe where the response from an API call or other request is stuffed Using pyspark, how to expand a column containing a variable map to new columns in a DataFrame while keeping other columns? Ask Question Asked 5 years, 9 months ago Modified 5 This article is relevant for Parquet files and containers in Azure Synapse Link for Azure Cosmos DB. pivot the key column with value as values to get your This tutorial will explain multiple workarounds to flatten (explode) 2 or more array columns in PySpark. explode (). explode function with PySpark Watch and learn as we dive deep into how to explode arrays and maps, transforming your data into a format that's ready for analysis. posexplode_outer # pyspark. You can use Spark or SQL to read or transform data with complex schemas such as arrays or nested Running on AWS Glue using PySpark. I say kinda hacky because I rely on the max() function to aggregate when doing the pivot which should work as long as your 本文将深入探讨PySpark中的 explode 函数及其变体，展示如何将这些函数应用于实际数据处理场景。什么是explode函数？ explode 是PySpark中的一个转换操作，它能够将数组 (array)或映射 (map)类型 The explode function wants an array or a map, but "source" is a struct. evuyno xo03 hqra jowh itzb kj0p0lxf cfio ice tb x34